Obesity emerging as a major global driver of breast cancer risk

Health experts are warning that rising global obesity rates are significantly increasing the risk of breast cancer, particularly among post-menopausal women.

Fat tissue produces oestrogen, and higher levels of body fat raise oestrogen concentrations in the body, fuelling the growth of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancers.

Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, with around 2.3 million new cases and nearly 670,000 deaths reported in 2022. As obesity continues to climb across both developed and developing nations, researchers fear that the number of breast cancer cases could rise sharply in the coming decades.

Studies have shown that women with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or above face a substantially higher risk of developing breast cancer compared with those of a healthy weight. Research also indicates that fat stored around the abdomen poses a greater danger than fat on the hips or thighs. Tumours in women living with obesity often display increased inflammation and distinct genetic changes that can make the disease more aggressive.

According to an analysis by the Endocrine Society, global deaths from obesity-related breast cancer tripled between 1999 and 2020, highlighting the growing impact of weight on cancer outcomes. Experts stress that prevention through healthy lifestyles is key.

Regular physical activity can reduce risk by lowering body fat, stabilising insulin levels and improving immune function. The World Health Organization recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity each week. Even moderate activities such as brisk walking, household chores or yoga can offer protection.

Dietary habits also play a crucial role. Diets rich in fruit, vegetables, legumes, whole grains and omega-3-containing seeds help reduce inflammation, while processed foods, refined sugars and saturated fats contribute to weight gain and hormonal imbalance.

With obesity rates rising worldwide, doctors are urging governments and communities to prioritise prevention through healthier eating, physical activity and public awareness. Maintaining a healthy weight remains one of the most effective ways to lower the risk of breast cancer and improve survival outcomes for women globally.